I have a YouTube channel where many types of tutorials based on Ubuntu, Windows, Word, Excel, WordPress, Magento, Laravel etc. Any associative array can be removed by using `unset` command. How to test if a variable is a number in Bash - Bash variables are character strings, but, depending on context, Bash permits arithmetic operations and comparisons on variables. How associative array can be declared and accessed in bash are explained in this tutorial. So do you have any idea how I could do something like this? down. Here, ‘!’  symbol is used for reading the keys of the associative array. Is there built-in bash method to count number of elements in bash array, where the name of the array is dynamic (i.e. An array can be explicitly declared by the declare shell-builtin. 1210 Kelly Park Cir, Morgan Hill, CA 95037. The following first command will print all values of the array named assArray1 in a single line if the array exists. echo ${test_array[@]} apple orange lemon Loop through an Array. property in most of our examples.. The array that can store string value as an index or key is called associative array. You need to pass the -z or -n option to the test command or to the if command or use conditional expression.This page shows how to find out if a bash shell variable has NULL value or not using the test command. You might understandably trip over this (or the inverse - passing boolean true to check against an array of e.g. Actually, more accurately, I'm looking to check if an element does not exist in an array, but I'm sure that's a simple extention once I know how to check if it does exist. So, if you want to write just first element, you can do this command: echo ${FILES[0]} Output: report.jpg. echo ${test_array[0]} apple To print all elements of an Array using @ or * instead of the specific index number. Check the current version of Bash before starting the next part of this tutorial. An array is a table of values, called elements.The elements of an array are distinguished by their indices. Unfortunately, one of the options it lacks is an exclude list. `unset` command is used to delete the particular value of the associative array. To dereference (retrieve the contents of) an array element, use curly bracket notation, that is, ${element[xx]}. Since bash does not discriminate string from a number, an array can contain a mix of strings and numbers. Unlike most of the programming languages, Bash array elements don’t have to be of the … In the above program, we've used a non-primitive data type String and used Arrays's stream() method to first convert it to a stream and anyMatch() to check if the array contains the given value toFind. Hi, I have a bash script that currently holds some data. My whitelist is way too long to script it for that, so I wanted to create my own exclude list. That's what most people are suggesting. The following output will appear after running the commands. The following script will create an associative array named assArray1 and the four array values are initialized individually. Thanks. As of bash 4.2, you can just use a negative index ${myarray[-1]} to get the last element. Sometimes, it is required to print all keys or all values of the array. The indices do not have to be contiguous. With newer versions of bash, it supports one-dimensional arrays. You can't loop through such an array with a counter loop based on the number of elements! We have created a simple array containing three elements, "foo", "bar" and "baz", then we deleted "bar" from it running unset and referencing the index of "bar" in the array: in this case we know it was 1, since bash arrays start at 0. Hi, I want to check a particular string inserted by User to be checked against the values i already have in a ARRAY string using IF condition. Instead, to check if a bash array contains a value you will need to test the values in the array by using a bash conditional expression with the binary operator =~. The following first command will print all keys of the array in each line by using for loop and the second command will print all array keys in one line by using bash parameter expansion. I am trying to write all the contents to a file called temp.txt. # "x" is an ordinary non-array parameter. This will work with the associative array which index numbers are numeric. Example A common problem might be trying to iterate over Array which has no values in it. For bash (but not ksh93 nor zsh), for variables of type associative array, that would not report them as set unless their element of key "0" has been set. How the coder can declare and initialize the associative array, parse array keys or values or both, add and delete array elements and remove array are shown in this tutorial by using various scripts. Since bash does not discriminate string from a number, an array can contain a mix of strings and numbers. Here, array is the name of an array. We will check the array for undefined or nullwith the help of typeof an operator. Is this possible? In programming, it is essential to check if a variable is “set” or “not set,” which means you have to check if a bash script variable has a value or not. 15 years back, when I was working on different flavors of *nix, I used to write lot of code on C shell and Korn shell. Can’t find of a better way than that. Numerically indexed arrays can be accessed from the end using negative indices, the index of -1references the last element. But they are also the most misused parameter type. If we check the indexes of the array, we can now see that 1 is missing: $ echo ${!my_array[@]} 0 2 The following script will initialize the associative array, assArrat2 at the time of array declaration. declare -A aa Declaring an associative array before initialization or use is mandatory. In the above example, each index of an array element has printed through for loop. In addition to removing an element from an array (let's say element #3), we need to concatenate two sub-arrays. We can have a check over such cases also and verify for the length of arrays. Unlike in many other programming languages, in bash, an array is not a collection of similar elements. if array [key] is not set, return nothing. At first glance, the problem looks simple. if array [key] is set, return abc. Definition and Usage. If you want to detect an array with empty elements, like arr= ("" "") as empty, same as arr= () You can paste all the elements together and check if the result is zero-length. Strings are without a doubt the most used parameter type. You can use an associative array since you're using Bash 4. declare -A array=([hello]= [world]= [my]= [name]= [is]= [perseus]=) test='henry' if [[ ${array[$test]-X} == ${array[$test]} ]] then do something else something else fi The parameter expansion substitutes an "X" if the array element is unset (but doesn't if … We’re going to execute a command and save its multi-line output into a Bash array. An array variable is used to store multiple data with index and the value of each array element is accessed by the corresponding index value of that element. def check_if_all_zero(arr): ''' Iterate over the 1D array arr and check if any element is not equal to 0. How associative array can be declared and accessed in bash are explained in this tutorial. Basically what $ {array [key]+abc} does is. Hope, the reader will able to use associative array in bash properly after reading this tutorial. If these check pass then we can check for the length of array ultimately. All Bash Bits can be found using this link This is a simple function which helps you find out if an (non associative) array has an item. Substring expansion ${PARAMETER:OFFSET} ${PARAMETER:OFFSET:LENGTH} This one can expand only a part of a parameter's value, given a position to start and maybe a length. Bash Strings Equal – In this tutorial, we shall learn how to check if two strings are equal in bash scripting.. Bash Strings Equal. Bash supports one-dimensional numerically indexed and associative arrays types. Chapter 27. Arrays. 1 The array has enough entries so that currentRecord is a valid index? Good Practice: Arrays are a safe list of strings. The following output will appear after running the above commands. If you agree with that, then you probably won't want to read about the "new" associative arrays that were added in version 4.0 of bash. stored in a variable), without resorting to making a fully copy of the array or using eval? up. A Simple Guide to Create, Open, and Edit bash_profile, Understanding Bash Shell Configuration On Startup. The following commands will print two values of the array, assArray1 (declared earlier) by specifying the key value. This checking of whether a variable is already set or not, is helpful when you have multiple script files, and the functionality of a script file depends on the variables set in the previously run scripts, etc. printf "%s\n" "$ {mydata [@]}" | grep "^$ {val}$". A new array element can be added easily in the associative array after declaring and initializing the array. This feature is added in bash 4. Method 1: Bash split string into array using parenthesis. The array that can store string value as an index or key is called associative array. The following output shows that the current version of bash is 4.4.19. The NUL byte is very often the best choice for this job. It returns 1 if the item is in the array, and 0 if it is not. The array. I have a question about what might be the most efficient way to check whether a value exists in an array. # Script by … needle. We see know we have 3 elements in the array. An array is a Bash parameter that has been given the -a (for indexed) or -A (for associative) attributes. If it is, it returns true, else false. The includes() method determines whether an array contains a specified element. non-empty strings), but it's certainly not counter intuitive and makes perfect sense. I tried ch[$1]++, ch[$1]+1, ch[$1++], ch[$1]+=1, ch[$1]=ch[$1]+1 none of these seem to … Example : This method returns true if the array contains the element, and … The Array.includes() method check if element is included in the array. Array Initialization and Usage. Here, three array values with keys are defined at the time of array declaration. I have a script that separates the input string into an array my problem is that I want to check determine if the array element is whitepace or empty do something like a substitution. Sparse arrays are possible in Bash, that means you can have 4 elements, but with indexes 1, 7, 20, 31. References: However, there’s no built-in function for checking empty variables in bash scripts, but bash … A new array element can be added easily in the associative array after declaring and initializing the array. Similar to other programming languages, Bash array elements can be accessed using index number starts from 0 then 1,2,3…n. So, naturally I’m a huge fan of Bash command line and shell scripting. 2 You know currentRecord is a valid index, but its contents might be blank? You can define three elements array (there are no space between name of array variable, equal symbol and starting bracket): FILES=(report.jpg status.txt scan.jpg) This command will write each element in array: These two ways are shown in this part of the tutorial. If we can find at least one match, then we can say that the array contains the search object/element. An associative array can be declared and used in bash script like other programming languages. includes (5)); //True. So, the `if` condition will return false and “Not Found” message will be printed. It impossible to receive false as a return value from in_array using loose checking if your arrays contains both the constants true and false. The following commands will check the current array values of the array , assArray2 , add a new value, “ Logitech ” with the key, “ Mouse ” and again check the current elements of the array. Method 3: Bash split string into array using delimiter . The code below works if all elements of val_arr appear in list, but fails if this is not the case, e.g. declare -a var But it is not necessary to declare array variables as above. For ksh93 and bash, for variables of type nameref, that only returns true if the variable referenced by the nameref is itself considered set. You can also get the index of an entry with grep -n, which returns the line number of a match (remember to subtract 1 to get zero-based index) … If the third parameter strict is set to true then the in_array() function will also check the types of the needle in the haystack. If the array is removed, then no output will appear. Welcome to the site, and thank you for your contribution. The string to the right of the operator is considered a POSIX extended regular expression and matched accordingly. If length of the array is greater than zero, voila our conditions pass. You can quickly test for null or empty variables in a Bash shell script. An associative array can be declared and used in bash script like other programming languages. This is what I have and it works for any value except whitespace or empty. In your favourite editor typeAnd save it somewhere as arrays.sh. The following script will print all values with keys of the associative array named assArray1. Now the myarray contains 3 elements so bash split string into array was successful # /tmp/split-string.sh My array: string1 string2 string3 Number of elements in the array: 3 . Array keys and values can be print separately and together. Next execute the shell script. Each line should be an element of the array. Actually, more accurately, I’m looking to check if an element does not exist in an array, but I’m sure that’s a simple extention once I know how to check if it does exist. All keys of an array can be printed by using loop or bash parameter expansion. Bash – Check if variable is set. We can insert individual elements to array … Bash 101 Hacks, by Ramesh Natarajan. Example – Strings Equal Scenario Bash Array – An array is a collection of elements. Python x in list can be used for checking if a value is in a list. In the case of 1 use itemInfo.Length to check that currentRecord is at least 0 and less than Length. Bash Array – An array is a collection of elements. or. The bash man page has long had the following bug listed: "It's too big and too slow" (at the very bottom of the man page). The third command is used to check the array exists or removed. This check helps for effective data validation. If you have to parse a stream of data into component elements, there must be a way to tell where each element starts and ends. #!/ bin/bash # array-strops.sh: String operations on arrays. It returns the number of elements present in the array. (Building a flattened copy of the array contents is not ideal for performance if the array could be very large. If needle is a string, the comparison is done in a case-sensitive manner.. haystack. If you have any suggestions to improve it though, I’d like to hear them. blnValueFound = true), or concatenate the values and check … You can define three elements array (there are no space between name of array variable, equal symbol and starting bracket): FILES=(report.jpg status.txt scan.jpg) This command will write each element in array: echo ${FILES[*]} Index in shell arrays starts from 0. I am using echo ${array} > temp.txt The problem that I am experiencing is that the elements are being written horizontally in the file. We’re going to execute a command and save its multi-line output into a Bash array. Example A common problem might be trying to iterate over Array which has no values in it. As soon as it encounter any element that is not zero, it returns False. Run the following command from the terminal to check the installed version of bash. if yes how to do that. Normally to define an array we use parenthesis (), so in bash to split string into array we will re-define our variable using open and closed parenthesis. Unlike in many other programming languages, in bash, an array is not a collection of similar elements. The following first command will print all values of the array in each line by using for loop and the second command will print all array values in one line by using bash parameter expansion. Array elements may be initialized with the variable[xx] notation. The code I have so far, which is very incomplete, follows. If the installed bash version in your operating system is less than 4 then you have to installed the bash version 4 first to continue this tutorial. Note: . You can see if an entry is present by piping the contents of the array to grep. All values of an array can be printed by using loop or bash parameter expansion. The second command will remove the array. When it is required to store multiple data of key-value pair in bash, then it is better to use the associative array for storing the data. Linux Hint LLC, editor@linuxhint.com Please note that even the "exact match" approach will fail if you have array elements that contain spaces, such as array=(aa1 bc1 "ac1 ed1" aee); you may want to include safeguards against that in your answer. Code: var array = [12, 5, 8, 3, 17]; console. Hi. This is the same setup as the previous postLet’s make a shell script. Two straighforward approaches, it seems are these: Loop through the collection and check each element, either setting a flag (e.g. The value of the array reference is the current value of that array element. – AdminBee Dec 22 '20 at 10:55 assume i have many group of array that i want to check it contain 5 whether or not ha within loop. I have an array ch and I want to increment each element in my array for the following if statement. are published: Tutorials4u Help. Declare an associative array. However, any regular (non-special or positional) parameter may be validly referenced using a subscript, because in most contexts, referring to the zeroth element of an array is synonymous with referring to the array name without a subscript. Initialize elements. The following commands will check the current array values of the array, assArray2, add a new value, “Logitech” with the key, “Mouse” and again check the current elements of the array. Indices may be either numbers or strings.awk maintains a single set of names that may be used for naming variables, arrays and functions (see section User-defined Functions).Thus, you cannot have a variable and an array with the same name in the same awk program. Arrays. A reference to an array element that has no recorded value yields a value of "", the null string. You can initialize elements one at a time as follows: aa[hello]=world aa[ab]=cd aa["key with space"]="hello world" You can also initialize an entire associative array … In the latest JavaScript standard 2015 (ES6), JavaScript has added an inbuilt method on arrays to check if they contain the element. Array elements of an associative array can be accessed individually or by using any loop. We can combine read with IFS (Internal Field Separator) to define a delimiter. Powered by Discourse, best viewed with JavaScript enabled. To check if two strings are equal in bash scripting, use bash if statement and double equal to == operator.. To check if two strings are not equal in bash scripting, use bash if statement and not equal to!= operator.. I want to find the value of the element in val_arr that occurs first in list. Here, each key of the array will be parsed in each step of the for loop and the key is used as the index of the array to read the value of the corresponding key. At first glance, the problem looks simple. Both keys and values of an associative array can be printed by using for loop. The value of this key is removed in the previous example. More information: Using bash parameter substitution, one can do the following: Determine the length of an array: To check if the element is set (applies to both indexed and associative array) [ $ {array [key]+abc} ] && echo "exists". We can retrieve the size of an array (the number of elements contained in it), by using a specific shell expansion: $ my_array= (foo bar baz) $ echo "the array contains $ {#my_array [@]} elements" the array contains 3 elements Newer versions of Bash support one-dimensional arrays. Parameters. This feature is added in bash 4. I found a way of doing this right after posting here. For checking the emptiness of an array we will use array.length. It is possible that some elements of val_arr will not appear in list. The expression index-expression is the index of the desired element of the array.. Nice and Clean. The new scripting looks clean. Check bash array element for whitespace or empty. Supposing your array is $errors, just check to see if the count of elements is zero. I spend most of my time on Linux environment. Nevermind. The following script will check the array key, “Monitor” exists or not. For example, foo[4.3] is an expression referencing the element of array foo at index ‘4.3’. log (array. Arrays in awk. It allows you to call the function with just the array name, not $ {arrayname [@]}. I’m using S3Sync, which is a Ruby script for syncing files/directories to Amazon S3, similar to what rsync would do for a remote server, but with less options. I am a trainer of web programming courses. The following commands are used check the current value of the array with the key, “Monitor”, delete the value using unset command and again run the `echo` command to check the value is deleted or not. I thought of looping through directories, and comparing with a blacklist to see if it can upload or not. For instance, it would loop through /, but ignore directories like /dev, /mnt, /proc, etc. The searched value. It is important to remember that a string holds just one element. They are perfect for storing multiple filenames. In Python we frequently need to check if a value is in an array (list) or not. Bash check if process is running or not on Linux / Unix; bash: file: command not found. Basically size of an array. Notice the user array contains four elements: "John" ----> String Data Type 122 ---> Integer Data Type "sudo,developers" ---> String Data Type "bash" ---> String Data Type If the number is greater than 0, it also evaluates to true. Check File Existence using shorter forms. Note that the value type must also match. Numerical arrays are referenced using integers, and associative are referenced using strings. Powered by LiquidWeb Web Hosting $ echo ${assArray2[Monitor]}. Any element value of the associative array can be removed based on the key value. Missing index or key of an array can be found by using a conditional statement. Check if Java Array contains Object/Element - To check if array contains a given object or search item, traverse through the array elements and check if the given serach search item matches with the array element. As an aside, check out globstar if you are using bash >= 4.0 and just want to recursively walk directories. The following output will appear after running the script. To check if a variable is set in Bash Scripting, use-v var or-z ${var} as an expression with if command.. Now we need to make it executable as follows:Looks good so far.Let’s declare some arrays: In order to check if a file exists in Bash using shorter forms, specify the “-f” option in brackets and append the command that you want to run if it succeeds. As mentioned earlier, BASH provides three types of parameters: Strings, Integers and Arrays. strict. Alternatively, a script may introduce the entire array by an explicit declare -a variable statement. For example: first time, i check A array that it contain 5 yes or not and next, i check B and C, respectively. String operations on arrays. Recommended Reading. excel-vba Check if Array is Initialized (If it contains elements or not). I'm not sure I have the right array increment syntax but I have tried it in different ways ant it doesn't seem to work. The first sub-array will hold the elements before element #3 and the second sub-array will contain the elements after element #3. arr=( "${arr[@]:0:2}" "${arr[@]:3}" ) ${arr[@]:0:2} will get two elements arr[0] and arr[1] starts from the beginning of the array. if val_arr=(11 44 22 33). Each line should be an element of the array. I like to write article or tutorial on various IT topics. An associative array can be declared in bash by using the declare keyword and the array elements can be initialized at the time of array declaration or after declaring the array variable. if [ $ {#errors [@]} -eq 0 ]; then echo "No errors, hooray" else echo "Oops, something went wrong..." excel-vba Check if Array is Initialized (If it contains elements or not). In some cases, you may be interested in checking if a file exists or not directly in your Bash shell. So do you have any suggestions to improve it though, i ’ m a huge fan of bash starting! Starts from 0 then 1,2,3…n added easily in the array reference is the name of an array viewed JavaScript! On various it topics the following output will appear after running the above commands if we can combine with! - passing boolean true to check whether a value exists in an contains..., naturally i ’ m a huge fan of bash, an array of e.g the part. Array that can store string value as an index or key of an associative array can be used for the. Part of the array for undefined or nullwith the help of typeof an.! If array is dynamic ( i.e though, i have a question about what might be?. List, but its contents might be trying to write all the of. Know currentRecord is a collection of elements is zero earlier ) by specifying the key value using >. Holds just one element these check pass then we can check for the length array. After declaring and initializing the array key, “ Monitor ” exists removed! For associative ) attributes save it somewhere as arrays.sh split string into array using delimiter Practice: are..., ‘! ’ symbol is used for reading the keys of the.! Fan of bash is 4.4.19 variables as above you to call the function with just the array assArray1 in single... Array declaration starting the next part of this tutorial ( list ) or -a ( indexed! Is what i have a check over such cases also and verify for length. For that, so i wanted to create my own exclude list allows you to call the function just. Else false key, “ Monitor ” exists or not ) using index number starts from 0 then 1,2,3…n a!, foo [ 4.3 ] is set, return nothing like other programming languages,... At the time of array that i want to find the value of the array ideal for performance the... Piping the contents of the array has enough entries so that currentRecord is table... Whitelist is way too long to script it for that, so i wanted to create my own list., there ’ s no built-in function for checking if a value in. Remember that a string, the comparison is done in a single line if the is. Excel-Vba check if process is running or not ha within loop, check out if! Efficient way to check the current value of the options it lacks is an expression referencing the of. Is not time on Linux / Unix ; bash: file: command not found message! Or the inverse - passing boolean true to check if process is running or not on Linux Unix! Often the best choice for this job of strings and numbers have and it works for any value except or... Foo at index ‘ 4.3 ’ the installed version of bash before starting the next part of the associative.... But bash … arrays in check if array has element bash found a way of doing this right after posting here, where name. Addition to removing an element from an array are distinguished by their indices $... For null or empty before initialization or use is mandatory contents to a file exists or not within! Array in bash scripts, but ignore directories like /dev, /mnt, /proc, etc printed using... Negative indices, the ` if ` condition will return false and “ not found fully copy the... Running the commands of values, called elements.The elements of val_arr appear in list is the current version bash. Not appear in list string into array using delimiter ; console return abc the emptiness of array... Keys and values of the desired element of array declaration your array is the current version of is. Check for the length of the array that i want to recursively check if array has element bash directories 0, also... Indexed and associative are referenced using integers, and comparing with a blacklist to see if an entry is by... And the four array values with keys are defined at the time of array foo index... A shell script i have and it works for any value except whitespace or variables... = 4.0 and just want to find the value of the array to grep previous! 1 use itemInfo.Length to check if a variable ), without resorting to making fully... Is a collection of similar elements indexed ) or -a ( for )! Returns true, else false of val_arr will not appear in list, but fails if this not! For null or empty variables in a variable is set, return abc may be interested in checking if value. Elements is zero then 1,2,3…n to hear them if ` condition will false... Discourse, best viewed with JavaScript enabled some elements of an array is a table of,... The comparison is done in a variable ), we need to make it as!, /mnt, /proc, etc it returns 1 if the array is dynamic ( i.e introduce the array! String operations on arrays and save its multi-line output into a bash expansion! To make it executable as follows: Looks good so far.Let ’ no! In an array is not zero, voila our conditions pass use is mandatory to script it for that so... | grep `` ^ $ { mydata [ @ ] } #! / #! Be explicitly declared by the declare shell-builtin ( e.g grep `` ^ $ { assArray2 [ Monitor ] } currently... Like /dev, /mnt, /proc, etc declaring an associative array can contain a mix of strings numbers! Use-V var or-z $ { assArray2 [ Monitor ] } strings and.. Contains the search object/element as soon as it encounter any element value of array. Command from the terminal to check if a variable ), without resorting to a. Contents is not a collection of elements is zero with keys of an array and less than length value whitespace! Not counter intuitive and makes perfect sense starting the next part of the array, assArrat2 at time! Values with keys of the tutorial, three array values with keys are defined at time... File exists or removed the emptiness of an array the terminal to the... Indexed ) or -a ( for indexed ) or -a ( for indexed ) or (!, Understanding bash shell above commands important to remember that a string holds just one element to article! Bash, an array is not necessary to declare array variables as above symbol is used to check current. Using delimiter so far, which is very incomplete, follows ” message will be printed by using loop! Array, assArrat2 at the time of array declaration check if array has element bash it executable as follows: Looks good so ’! Time on Linux / Unix ; bash: file: command not found set, return nothing is (... Boolean true to check if element is included in the array or using eval Linux Hint LLC editor... As follows: Looks good so far.Let ’ s no built-in function for empty. Which index numbers are numeric ( or the inverse - passing boolean true to check the current value of ''... Distinguished by their indices same setup as the previous example with IFS Internal... Elements is check if array has element bash without a doubt the most misused parameter type, each index of an array not... Required to print all values of an array element can be used for reading keys. Included in the above example, each index of -1references the last element array that can store value. Assarray2 [ Monitor ] } apple orange lemon loop through such an array aa declaring an array. Discriminate string from a number, an array of e.g checking the of! Echo $ { array [ key ] is not a collection of elements is zero are Initialized individually $. Two values of the array that can store string value as an index key. ] } '' | grep `` ^ $ { arrayname [ @ ] } Linux! Right after posting here or -a ( for associative ) attributes then 1,2,3…n '' | grep `` ^ {. Numerically indexed and associative arrays types used in bash are explained in this tutorial, $. Save its multi-line output into a bash script like other programming languages array keys and values an. Accessed in bash scripting, use-v var or-z $ { array [ key ] is an expression with if..... Globstar if you have any idea how i could do something like this printed by loop... Of the array on various it topics use array.length something like this editor. Versions of bash is 4.4.19 the reader will able to use associative after... Numbers are numeric, voila our conditions pass the reader will able use. Associative are referenced using strings separately and together in addition to removing an element array! A question about what might be the most efficient way to check if a value is a. Any element value of `` '', the comparison is done in a bash parameter that has no values it..., but fails if this is what i have and it works for any value except whitespace empty... List ) or not ) welcome to the right of the array numerically arrays. Are also the most used parameter type in val_arr that occurs first list... # 3 ), but it 's certainly not counter intuitive and makes perfect.. Bash scripts, but its contents might be the most efficient way to check process... Not ideal for performance if the item is in an array with a to!
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